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温室喷灌系统包括定喷式机组和行喷式机组

 喷灌机的种类很多,机组式喷灌系统包括定喷式机组和行喷式机组两类。定喷式喷灌机组是指喷灌机工作时,在一个固定的位置进行喷洒,达到加水定额后,按预定好的程序移动到另一个位置进行喷洒,在加水周期内灌完计划的面积。行喷式喷灌机组是在喷灌过程中一边喷洒一边移动(或转动),在加水周期内灌完计划的面积。
定喷式机组包括手推(抬)式喷灌机、拖拉机悬挂式喷灌机、拖拉机牵引式喷灌机、滚移式喷灌机、拖拉机双悬臂式喷灌机。
行喷式机组包括中心支轴式喷灌机、平移式喷灌机、卷盘式喷灌机。其中,卷盘式包括钢索牵引卷盘式喷灌机、软管牵引卷盘式喷灌机两种。
上述各种喷灌机中,手推、手抬式是小型机组,由于它具有结构简单、体积小、使用灵活、价格较低等特点,在我国发展喷灌技术中曾是使用****广的机型。随着我国集约化农业生产的发展,要求****劳动效率,各种大中型机组将有广阔的使用前景。
电动喷灌机运行使用注意事项
1.使用注意事项
1)水泵启动后,3分钟未出水,应停机检查。
2)水泵运行中若出现不正常现象:杂音、振动、水量下降等,应立即停机,要注意轴承温升,其温度不可超过75℃。
3)观察喷头工作是否正常,有无转动不均匀,过快或过慢,甚至不转动的现象。观察转向是否灵活,有无异常现象。
4)应尽量避免使用泥沙含量过多的水进行喷灌,否则容易磨损水泵叶轮和喷头的喷嘴,并影响作物的生长。
5)为了适用于不同的土质和作物,需要更换喷嘴,调整喷头转速时,可以拧紧或放松摇臂弹簧来实现。摇臂是悬支在摇臂轴上的,还可以转动调位螺钉调整摇臂头部的入水深度来控制喷头转速。调整反转的位置可以改变反转速度。
6)喷头转速调整好的标志是,在不产生地表径流的前提下,尽量采用慢的转动速度,一般小喷头为i~2分钟转i圈,中喷头3~4分钟转1圈,大喷头5~7分钟转1圈。
保养注意事项
1)对机组松动部位应及时紧固。
2)对各润滑部位要按时润滑,确保润滑良好和运转正常。
3)机组的动力机、水泵的保养,应按有关说明书进行。
4)喷灌机组长时问停止使用时,必须将泵体内的存水放掉,拆检水泵、喷头,擦净水渍,涂油装配,进出口包好,停放在干燥的地方保存。管道应洗净晒干,软管卷成盘状,放在阴凉干燥处。切勿将上述机件放在有酸碱和高温的地方。
5)机架上的螺纹、快速接头和易锈部位,应涂油妥善存放

There are many kinds of sprinkler irrigation machines, and the unit sprinkler irrigation system includes two types: fixed spraying unit and row spraying unit. Fixed spray irrigation machine group refers to spraying at a fixed position when the irrigation machine works. After reaching the water addition quota, it moves to another position according to a predetermined procedure for spraying and completes the planned area during the water addition period. The line spraying irrigation machine group moves (or rotates) while spraying during the sprinkling irrigation process to fill the planned area within the water filling period. 
Fixed spray unit includes hand push (lift) type sprinkler, tractor suspension type sprinkler, tractor traction type sprinkler, roll type sprinkler and tractor double cantilever type sprinkler. 
The line spraying unit includes a central support shaft type spraying irrigation machine, a translational type spraying irrigation machine and a reel type spraying irrigation machine. Among them, the reel type includes steel cable traction reel type irrigation machine and hose traction reel type irrigation machine. 
Among the above-mentioned sprinkler irrigation machines, the hand-pushed and hand-lifted type are small units. Due to their simple structure, small volume, flexible use and low price, they used to be widely used in the development of sprinkler irrigation technology in our country. With the development of intensive agricultural production in our country, * * * * labor efficiency is required, and various large and medium-sized units will have broad application prospects. 
Precautions for Operation and Use of Electric Sprinkler 
1. Use Precautions 
1) After the water pump is started, if no water is discharged for 3 minutes, the pump shall be stopped for inspection. 
2) If there are abnormal phenomena during the operation of the water pump: noise, vibration, water volume drop, etc., the pump shall be stopped immediately, and the bearing temperature rise shall be paid attention to, and the temperature shall not exceed 75 ℃. 
3) Observe whether the nozzle works normally, and whether there is any phenomenon of uneven rotation, too fast or too slow, or even no rotation. Observe whether the steering is flexible and there are any abnormal phenomena. 
4) Sprinkler irrigation with water with excessive sediment content should be avoided as much as possible, otherwise it is easy to wear the impeller of the water pump and the nozzle of the nozzle, and affect the growth of crops. 
5) In order to be suitable for different soil quality and crops, it is necessary to replace the nozzle. When adjusting the rotating speed of the nozzle head, the rocker arm spring can be tightened or relaxed to realize it. The rocker arm is suspended on the rocker arm shaft, and the adjustment screw can also be rotated to adjust the water inlet depth of the rocker arm head to control the rotation speed of the nozzle. Adjusting the position of the inversion can change the inversion speed. 
6) The sign of adjusting the rotational speed of the nozzle is to adopt a slow rotational speed as far as possible on the premise of not generating surface runoff. Generally, the rotational speed of the small nozzle is i-2 minutes to i turn, the rotational speed of the medium nozzle is 3-4 minutes to 1 turn, and the rotational speed of the large nozzle is 5-7 minutes to 1 turn. 
Maintenance Precautions 
1) The loose parts of the unit shall be tightened in time. 
2) Lubricate all lubricating parts on time to ensure good lubrication and normal operation. 
3) The maintenance of the power machine and water pump of the unit shall be carried out according to the relevant instructions. 
4) When the sprinkler team leader asks to stop using, he must drain the water stored in the pump body, disassemble and inspect the water pump and sprinkler head, wipe clean water stains, coat oil and assemble, wrap the inlet and outlet, and park in a dry place for storage. The pipes should be washed and dried in the sun. The hoses should be rolled into a disk and placed in a cool and dry place. Do not place the above parts in places with acid, alkali and high temperature. 
5) The threads, quick joints and rust-prone parts on the rack shall be properly oiled and stored